Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD002511. 100 proteins were up-regulated, and 271 proteins were down-regulated. Ectopic expression of AIRE in GC1-spg cells using label-free LC-MS/MS identified a total of 371 proteins that were differentially expressed. Retinoic acid induced AIRE expression in GC1-spg cells. GC1-spg, a germ-cell-derived cell line, did not express AIRE.
AIRE expression was detected in glial cell derived neurotrophic factor receptor alpha (GFRα) + (spermatogonia), GFRα −/synaptonemal complex protein (SCP3) + (meiotic), and GFRα −/Phosphoglycerate kinase 2 (PGK2) + (postmeiotic) germ cells in mouse testes. We report that AIRE is expressed in the testes of neonatal, adolescent, and adult mice. Homozygous Aire-deficient male mice were infertile, possibly due to impaired spermatogenesis, deregulated germ cell apoptosis, or autoimmunity. The testes are the most predominant extrathymic location where a heavy expression of AIRE is reported. AIRE is expressed heavily in the thymic epithelial cells and is involved in maintaining self-tolerance through regulating the expression of tissue-specific antigens. Autoimmune regulator ( AIRE) is a gene associated with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED).
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